God Head Centennial

God Head was published on 10 October 1925. I have a short write-up at Wormwoodiana here, and the below repeats this blog's entry for 5 January 2019. 

Leonard Cline's first novel was on the first list of six books published by the newly-founded Viking Press of New York for the latter half of 1925. Cline's book was the fourth on the list, and it appeared on October 10th, 1925.  The spine and front cover of the dust-wrapper appears below. The art is signed K.S, but I do not know who that was.

For publication in England, the novel was retitled Ahead the Thunder, and Jarrolds published it in November 1927. The spine and front cover of the dust-wrapper appears below.  The art is signed K.R.T., referring to K[enneth] Romney Towndrow (1900-1953), an art historian, critic, painter and occasional writer (e,g., The Works of Alfred Stevens, 1951), who gorgeously illustrated with eight art-deco colored plates The Secret Mountain and Other Tales (Faber and Gwyer, 1926) by Kenneth Morris, another favorite book of mine.

 

"He the night descended on ..."

Here is a poem Cline sent from the Tolland Connecticut jail in December 1927, three months into his one year sentence for manslaughter (he had pleaded guilty to manslaughter just before a trial on charges of first degree murder would have commenced in mid-September 1927). It was sent to Joseph Pulitzer, Jr., editor of The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, where Cline worked in 1924-25. Some of the imagery of this poem is echoed in Cline's long poem "After-Walker" from January 1928, after his second wife deserted him, marking a very low point in his life. 

To a Friend: Dies Natalis Invicti*

To the Editor of the Post-Dispatch

He the night descended on
And whose feet the tide crept under
And whose vision seeking dawn
   Was shut with thunder:

As a cry that finds no end
Through a deathfast desert region
He that cried, and found no friend
   But a bright legion:

Knowing how serene and strong
Is your faith beyond defeating,
He sends you in his quiet song
   A thoughtful greeting.

He is well and wishes you
Bounty of the good new season:
More to laugh for, less to rue,
   True love, true reason!

Si vis divinus esse late ut Deus. . . . **

Leonard Cline
Tolland, Conn.

 

The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 23 December 1927

*Birthday of the Invincible

**If you want to be divine, be as God. . . .

The Dedication of THE DARK CHAMBER

 It reads as follows: 

So who were Carol and Garth Hyatt?  The short answer is some fellow newspaper writers. 

Garth Browne Hyatt (1888-1931) was on the staff of the Detroit News in 1917, which is probably where he met Cline. He was then married to his first wife, with whom he had a son and a daughter.

He married Carol Rose Willis (1896-1989) on 6 November 1926 in Lake County, Indiana. She had previously been married as well, and had one son.  

Around  the mid-1920s, Garth became an editorial writer for the Sunday Chicago Herald and Examiner, a post which he held until his death, which occurred when his automobile overturned about ten miles north of Santa Fe in November 1931. 

Carol wrote for the Chicago Daily News in the 1920s (as did Cline, who was in Chicago in 1925-26); some of her Daily News articles were collected in Backyard Play (1929), a small book of backyard activities. In the mid-1930s she contributed to Ladies' Home Journal, as Carol Willis Hyatt. In 1937 she married Guy Moffett in New York.  As Carol Willis Moffett she published a number of books, including Merchandising Aspects of Packaging (1938), House Cleaning Management and Methods (1940), Shoe Sizing and Fitting: An Analysis of Practices and Trends (1941) More for Your Money (1942), on to Getting Merchandise Ready for Sale: Receiving, Checking, Marking (1969).  Around 1975 she married Luther Halsey Gulik III.

A Sketch, But of Whom?

Leonard Cline worked at the Detroit News from late 1916 through early 1922. His wife Louise kept a scrapbook of his newspaper writings for the bulk of that time, and in some empty pages in the middle of the scrapbook I found the following drawing:

Is it Cline? I'm not sure. The receded hairline and the jutting ears look right, but his ubiquitous eyeglasses are not present, and it appears to show a mustache--the only time I know for certain that Cline wore a mustache was around 1925. Here is a photo of Cline with his son and daughter.  It looks to be from around 1918, based on the ages of his children.

Who might have been the artist?  I would suggest Arthur Marschner, who worked with Cline at the Detroit News and designed Cline's bookplate, about which I have written here. As an artist Marschner worked in a variety of forms, from oil paintings to etchings. Cline profiled Marschner in an article in the Detroit News from January 1918, headed "Spirit of Barbizon: Detroit Painter Shows Mysticism of Inness, Sobriety of Rousseau."

Vega

Vega

To. T.S.

These winter evenings it is far

Down in the west, the steadfast star;

And late at night so low it lies

The houses hide it from my eyes

As I go down the lonely street,

The white snow creaking under my feet.

But summer nights when I explore

A moon-drenched field, a star-washed shore,

It marks the zenith in the sky,

Our great blue steadfast star; and I

Remember how that August night

We stood together in its light.

How on the table, when the sun

Was down and all the chores were done,

You opened out the map, and we

All gathered round the lamp to see

Your great gnarled finger slow devise

The constellations on the skies;

How we went groping up the hill

That rose behind the house, until

Upon the top we stood amazed

By all the splendid skies, and gazed

And found at last at Lyra's peak

The steadfast star we planned to seek

All this and more my memory fills:

The yellow dunes, the deep green hills,

The sound the midnight breezes make,

And far across the gleaming lake 

The glory of the morning view;

But most of all I think of you.

Father and friend, whom all men find

Faithful, indulgent and most kind;

Whose rugged patriarchal strength

Years have not sapped in all their length:

Of all the goodness that you are,

My token is our steadfast star. 

The above text is taken from After-Walker (1930). The poem was first published in the December 1920 issue of The Liberator, where the dedicatee is named in full: Thomas Smurthwaite, Cline's father-in-law. Smurthwaite (1850-1929) and his wife Lu had a large family, and lived in a house above southern shore of Portage Lake, several miles north of Manistee, which is on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan.

Leonard Cline and Loyola College, Montreal

Leonard Cline matriculated as a freshman at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in the fall of 1910. He was 17 and a half years old. Before that he had attended Loyola College in Montreal (at the time an eight-year classical school). He presumably graduated in the spring or early summer of 1910, but how long was he there? The mentions of Loyola in his papers are few.

In the summer of 1925, Cline wrote: "More than two decades ago--I am now 32--I became an oblate of the Order of the Holy Cross, Episcopalian, A few years later I was converted to the Roman Catholic church and went to a Jesuit college in Montreal."

In other places, Cline refers specifically to Loyola, so it is certainly the Jesuit college in Montreal to which he refers. More than "two decades ago" would be before the summer of 1905, so 1904 can serve as an estimate for Cline becoming Episcopalian (so presumably before Cline's father's death on 10 October 1904). Cline would have turned 11 in May 1904. "A few years later" would seem to mean 1906 for his conversion to Catholicism.  It seems unlikely that Cline attended Loyola before 1906. So if he attended Loyola for four years, the dating would be 1906-1910.

I have accessed a few detailed resources on Loyola College: Loyola and Montreal: A History (1962) by T.P. Slattery; and From "Le Petit collège de bois" to 7272 Sherbrooke St. West: A Brief History of Loyola High School, Montreal (2012), by Joseph B. Gavin, S.J. Sadly there is nothing in them about Cline.

Loyola College was founded in 1896. For decades it was mostly referred to as Loyola College, though it was both a boys high school and a college. It opened on St. Catherine Street, at the intersection with Bleury Street, in downtown Montreal on September 2, 1896, and after a fire less than a year and a half later it moved several blocks west to 68 Drummond Street (near the intersection with St. Catherine Street), where it operated from February 1898 though June 1916. In 1900, Loyola had purchased the Decary Farm (renamed Loyola Farm), comprising some fifty acres to the west of Montreal. Buildings were commenced at Loyola Farm in 1913, and the school moved there from Drummond Street in 1916. Loyola College remains at that location to this day.  

Cline's tenure at Loyola College was entirely while the school was located on Drummond Street. Sadly, few photographs of that location appear in the books I have been able to consult.  The enrollment at Loyola College in 1910-11--the year after Cline left--was 45 students in the Faculty of Arts (the Faculty of Science did not begin until 1943-44, and the Faculty of Commerce in 1948-49); thus 45 students was the total college enrollment. The total College and High School enrollment for 1910-11 was 259 students, so Cline, having left Loyola the year before, probably would have numbered among some two hundred high school students (numbers from Slattery, p. 284). 

One of Cline's classmates became very important to Loyola history: Francis ("Frank") M. Breslin (1893-1977), who attended Loyola high school and college between 1906/07 and 1913. Though he taught at Loyola from 1916-1918, and again in 1921-1922, his studies took him elsewhere for several years. He was ordained in August 1926, and came back to Loyola in 1930, teaching (Latin, Greek, English and French) and running the library (from 1942 until 1969), and then he worked in the bursar's office until 1975. Obituaries note that Breslin kept faithfully the Loyola Diary as well as a complete personal diary, and a black book in which he kept up-to-date accounts of his friends, former students and their addresses. (I wonder where these are now?)

How close were Cline and Breslin?  I wish I knew more, for the only evidence of their friendship in Cline's papers is a long, warm passage from November 1927 in Cline's hand which Cline had copied to retain. Cline's papers are very fragmentary, so the lack of other correspondence is not indicative of anything.

Also, from the Cline archive, there is an annotated photograph which I can't fully explain. Cline appears to be about eight years old in it, holding two dogs,and the annotation reads "AS A CHILD YE ED WAS QUITE AN EXPERT WITH THE HOUNDS". The photograph is small (about 2-and-a-quarter inches square), printed in blue (why blue?) and with red ink. I know of no instance where Cline was the editor of anything to which he might have included a photo of himself as a young boy.  Was this instance in some way related to Loyola?  Was there a yearbook or some student magazine that Cline might have edited as a teenager? I simply don't know.

Fear Not Love

This poem first appeared in Scribner's Magazine, for January 1926.  It was reprinted in After-Walker (1930).

Fear Not Love . . .

 

Were they vain that roof and door,

Tower and temple built their town,

Laughing, vaunting neither war,

Flood nor fire should cast it down?

Though time strew their stone again,

That was Babylon. Were they vain?

 

And they two that flower and stem

Growing vowed no law or creed,

King or god should sunder them:

Though time sunder them indeed,

Were they frustrate? They that are

Heloise and Abelard. 

Fear not love and fail not strive.

Icarus even is alive.